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Introduction to
Cognitive therapy using hypnosis Psychology and Human
perception with Shape recognition, how do you turn the
external signs that come to the senses, in perceptual
experience full of meaning?. This task of apparent ease
and fluidity, it is extremely complicated when we want to
build recognition systems forms. Then we analyze:
Pattern-recognition of
forms. The model is easier to
recognize and classify shapes. From a visual signal, a
model looking like it from the patterns I have in memory,
and the closest thing is that with more active force.
This pattern is not rigid, it can run, increase turns,
and so on. The limit of this
pattern is that you can not recognize new forms, which we
know that man is capable of doing. Few employers are
flexible, and if I find something that looks like what
I'm seeing, the system fails. Processing data-driven
and conceptually driven. This process begins
with what we see a conception of what can be present to
guide the data we are seeing (remember the slides at a
time that could represent different types of things).
Conceptually driven
process and the process guided by the data almost always
occur together, and each direction of the total
processing contributes to the analysis. Some phenomena of
perception. Things do not always
like it. What we see or hear is not always what it is.
The perceptual system often makes mistakes. Sometimes we
see illusions, others need some time to recover from a
prolonged stimulation that we take time to interpret the
image presented to us. Organizations
in-Competition. An image can be
ambiguous because no relevant information or data over
irrelevant. It can also be the existence of different
ways to build a meaningful interpretation. There are certain
rules of perception, that influence upon our vision:
Nothing is made in
isolation, all information should be integrated into a
consistent interpretation of the visual scene.
When sensory
information gathered, there must be a consistent picture
of the world. The following
explanations are very specific about our vision
mechanisms: Posefectos: come after
a strong stimulation. If we look at a light for a long
time and then see on a white surface, we see its
complementary color. Fixing the image: the
images are in constant motion in the eye, not merely by
the movements of the environment, but also a continuous
tremor of the eye. Posefectos movement:
here we look at a moving object for some time, then we
see that a permanent move in the opposite direction.
COGNITIVE THERAPY
USING HYPNOSIS
THERAPY. Cognitive therapy using hypnosis therapy
consists of a series of procedures to correct the
cognitive therapy using hypnosis distortions and errors
in specific and normal thinking (cognitions). You can use
a wide variety of specific therapeutic techniques. These
techniques are designed to help patients identify the
reality check and correct distorted conceptualizations
and dysfunctional beliefs underlying these cognitions.
One can see cognitive therapy using hypnosis content
specific to specific psychiatric disorders. Rational-Emotive
Therapy, Ellis (ERT): It is a cognitive
therapy using
hypnosis behavioral therapy, which is based on the
assumption that emotions and behavior are the result of
the beliefs of the individual. One characteristic of
these thoughts that are governed by absolute requirement
as "I" and "I" cognitive therapy using hypnosis
distortions that create provocative psychological stress
and conflict. Thus psychological disorders are a product
of irrational thinking, so the therapy is to replace the
thought "irrational" other "rational", which allow you to
change your emotions and behavior positively. There are a number of
irrational beliefs that often. Common irrational
thoughts or ideas tabulated by Ellis et al. o That you should
always be loved and approved by the significant.
o That should prove to
yourself that you are completely responsible, appropriate
and done, or at least have to be really competent and
talented in something important. o If you hurt people
or commit a bad action are generally regarded as bad,
evil, or villains, and that should be severely blamed,
convicted and punished for their sins. o That life is
horrific, terrible, terrible or catastrophic when things
do not go as you want it to be. o The emotional
troubles stem from external pressures and have little
capacity to control your feelings or to get rid of
depression and hostility. o If something seems
dangerous or frightening, and volcarte need to worry much
about it. o If you find a lot
easier to avoid responsibilities and difficulties of
life, to try some form of rewarding self-discipline.
o All of your past
life is important and that if something strongly
influenced your life, is determining your current
feelings and behaviors. o That people and
things should be better than they are horrible and
terrible and not quickly find solutions to the setbacks
of life. o That you can achieve
happiness by inertia and inaction or "enjoy himself"
passively. o That you must have a
high degree of certainty and order to feel comfortable,
or you need some supernatural power in which to trust.
o What can a self
rated as a person and that the self assessment and rely
on the good level of execution and approval of others.
Cognitive therapy
using hypnosis profile of psychiatric disorders
o Content specific
cognitive therapy using hypnosis disorder. o Depression negative
view of himself, the experience and the future.
o Hypomania Vision
plus himself, the experience and the future. o Fear Disorder
anxious to physical or psychological
danger. o Panic Disorder
catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily and mental
experiences. Fobia o Fear and
avoidance of specific situations. o Ideas paranoid state
injury and interference. o Concept of hysteria
motor or sensory abnormality. o Obsession Questions
or repeated fears about security. o Compulsión
repetitive acts to protect themselves from threats.
o Conduct suicidal
despair and failure in solving problems. Anorexia nervosa o
Fear of gaining weight or distorted body image.
Hypochondriasis o
Allocation of serious medical illness. ERT use the ABCDE
model, where A is the activating event, B is the belief
that generates A, which can be "rational" or "irrational"
and C is the B or the consequences of which can be
emotional or behavior . D is the dispute or rebuttal from
the therapist and the patient on irrational beliefs. E
represents the result or effect of the confrontation
appropriate irrational beliefs. Having identified the
irrational thoughts, behavioral procedures, such as
flooding, the individual is subject to the dispute
ansiógena and thoughts that arise in an automatic
way. Beck's Cognitive
therapy using hypnosis Therapy overlaps, but differs in
some points. Beck uses conventional psychiatric
classifications, and explicitly relates desadaptativos
cognitive therapy using hypnosis styles of different
diagnostic categories, especially depression, anxiety
disorders, but also, hysteria, obsessive-compulsive
disorders, psychosomatic disorders, etc.. Cognitive
therapy using hypnosis therapy remains a standard
inductive, while ERT is deductive. In cognitive therapy
using hypnosis beliefs are contrasted with the patient's
external reality, through behavioral experiments, in
which the patient uses his own behavior to test the veracity
of their beliefs, while the cognitive therapy using
hypnosis TRE change is obtained as a result of reasoning
and persuasion. There have been
studies of Beck's cognitive therapy using hypnosis
therapy applied to the depression that show its
usefulness in unipolar depression, not psychotic, in both
the treatment and the prevention of relapse. Therapeutic
procedure is a well-structured, aimed at changing
specific cognitions involved in depression. According to
this model, the patient has a negative view of itself and
the world of the future; distorted cognitions patient may
have a causal relationship and promote relapse, the
patient's beliefs are absolute, arbitrary and
disoriented, they can remain inactive become apparent for
years and in the presence of a trigger event. These
elements create a series of automatic thoughts.
Therefore, we must identify the automatic thoughts,
identify the rules that generate and analyze how the
cognitive therapy using hypnosis distortions predispose
to produce evidence to confirm the automatic thoughts.
Clinical application.
Cognitive therapy using hypnosis -behavioral techniques
can be applied in a wide range of disorders, this section
will mention some of the most important. o Anxiety disorders:
controlled studies comparing behavioral psychotherapy,
placebo, psychotherapy and other drugs, suggest that
behavioral therapy is the psychotherapy of choice for
disorders phobics, rituals and obsessive-compulsive
disorder, post-traumatic stress. It is necessary to
assess an approach that complements the cognitive therapy
using hypnosis behavioral therapy to treat the negative
automatic thoughts. In agoraphobia with or
without acute distress used treatments for exposure to
situations fóbicas and prevents the patient. May
be in vivo (flooding) or imagination (systematic
desensitization): the studies agree that exposure is more
effective in vivo. From a cognitive therapy using
hypnosis treatment of anxiety crisis focuses on the
patient's tendency to make catastrophic misunderstandings
about their experiences mental or bodily sensations, use
distraction techniques during a crisis, and so on.
In the social phobia
is used for training in social skills, including
exposure, modeling, behavioral tests, strengthening and
training of the verbal and nonverbal communication. The
fear of public speaking may be treated with a program of
systematic desensitization and exposure. The treatment of
simple phobias can be exposed, modeling and in cases
where access is difficult phobic object (eg aircraft) is
systematic desensitization. Obsessive-compulsive
disorders can be treated with techniques of exposure and
response prevention and cognitive therapy using hypnosis
restructuring. Patients with poorer response to treatment
rituals. In generalized anxiety
techniques are used to control anxiety and social skills
are enhanced when the precipitating factors arising from
the environment, and cognitive therapy using hypnosis
restructuring. In the disorder
post-traumatic stress exposure techniques are used in
imagination. In recent years have described the use of
saccadic eye movements for the treatment of this
disorder. o affective disorders:
there is a therapy that is applied systematically in
bipolar disorder. For major depression and dysthymia is
not psychotic Beck's cognitive therapy using hypnosis
therapy and cognitive therapy using hypnosis behavioral
techniques, such as social skills training, strengthening
of adaptive behavior, management and control of the
anxiety associated with it, and so on. o Sexual dysfunction:
Masters and Johnson developed techniques such as
behavioral targeting sensations, systematic
desensitization, forms successive approximation through
strengthening small tasks behavioral, behavioral modeling
and testing. These techniques can be applied individually
and with partners. The treatment program
for paraphilias include behavioral techniques to reduce
the trigger to sexual objects and inappropriate sexual
objects and to increase it in appropriate situations, sex
education and cognitive therapy using hypnosis
restructuring skills, social skills training, substance
abuse treatment, which it is often observed in these
individuals; maintenance techniques appropriate behavior
and prevent relapse. o Schizophrenia:
strengthening procedures used to increase or decrease
certain behaviors, changes in the environment, social
skills training, to promote patient autonomy. o Eating Disorders in
bulimia nervosa is cognitive therapy using hypnosis
behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention.
In anorexia nervosa are using positive reinforcement and
negative feedback through information about calorie
intake and weight cattle and abundant meals. In addition,
patients are taught proper eating habits and
self-monitoring which promotes self-control and
self-reliance, it also improves their self-esteem and
self-image. In obesity seeks change eating habits and
encourage physical activity to maintain weight
reinforcements are used and techniques of self-control.
o abuse disorders and
dependence on toxic: behavioral techniques used to reduce
the consumption of alcohol are: 1) Open aversivas
therapies. 2) awareness
disguised. 3) training in social
skills. 4) cognitive therapy
using hypnosis behavioral therapy. 5) behavior management
techniques, such as positive reinforcement and to reduce
the intake of dietary intake aversivas consequences.
1) reduce the value
reforzante smoking. 2) create an aversion
to smoke. 3) develop a
self-monitoring of smoking behavior. 4) encouraging
response capabilities by imitation. In the abuse of other
substances are used similar techniques. In psychosomatic
disorders or so-called behavioral medicine techniques are
used biofeedback, relaxation, changing habits (diet,
lifestyle, etc.), Information about the disease and
management of acute episodes. These techniques are
applied in hypertension, headache, asthma, chronic pain,
gastrointestinal disorders, insomnia, etc..
